Parallel Mothers (2021)

Parallel Mothers (Spanish: Madres paralelas) is a 2021 Spanish drama film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar. The film centers on Janis, played by Penélope Cruz, and Ana (Milena Smit), who give birth on the same day in a hospital. Their lives become intertwined when Janis learns a shocking truth about her daughter's biological heritage. As the film explores their evolving relationships with their children, it also reflects on Spain's unresolved history, particularly the painful legacy of the civil war and the search for missing bodies. Israel Elejalde, Aitana Sánchez-Gijón, Rossy de Palma, and Julieta Serrano co-star.

The film had its premiere on 1 September 2021 as the opening film of the 78th Venice International Film Festival, where Cruz was awarded the Volpi Cup for Best Actress. It was released theatrically in Spain on 8 October 2021 by Sony Pictures Releasing International, and was the closing film of the 2021 New York Film Festival on the same day. At the 94th Academy Awards, the film received two nominations: Best Actress (Cruz) and Best Original Score (Iglesias).

Plot

Photographer Janis Martínez does a photo shoot with renowned forensic anthropologist Arturo, who is working with a group to try to find and identify victims of Fascist executions during and after the Civil War. She asks him if his foundation will help excavate a known mass grave in her home village, where her great-grandfather and other men from the village were killed and buried during the White Terror, a period of political repression by Franco following the Spanish Civil War. Arturo agrees to review the case with his foundation.

He and Janis are attracted to each other and sleep together; Janis becomes pregnant. She decides to keep the baby and raise it alone, against Arturo's wishes. He feels he must support his wife, who is undergoing chemotherapy, but he wants to be with Janis.

Janis later shares a hospital room with Ana, a teen single mother; they give birth at the same time. After both babies are held for evaluation, they are released, and Janis and Ana go their separate ways. Janis and Ana stay in touch, keeping one another updated on their babies' progress.

Arturo arrives one day asking to see baby Cecilia; he reacts strangely, saying that he does not believe the baby is his. Janis does a maternity test, which reveals that she is not Cecilia's biological mother, but she decides not to tell anyone. She sacks her au pair.

Months later, Janis runs into Ana working at a cafe near her home; Ana has left her mother's home after her mother went on the road to pursue acting (although she hired a nanny for Ana). Janis invites Ana to her apartment, where Ana tearfully reveals that her baby Anita had suffered a crib death. Janis asks for a photo of Anita, which confirms her suspicions that their babies were mistakenly swapped in the hospital.

Janis later offers Ana a job as a live-in maid, watching over the house and baby Cecilia. She collects saliva samples from the two of them without telling Ana they are for a maternity test, the results of which confirm that Cecilia is Ana's daughter. Ana later reveals that her pregnancy was the result of a gang rape by her classmates, and her father pressured her into staying silent to avoid negative press attention. The budding relationship between Janis and Ana develops into a sexual relationship, but Janis is unable to commit fully to Ana, who wants more from her.

Arturo arrives with news that his foundation has approved the excavation of the mass grave, and also that his wife has recovered from cancer and they are separating. He and Janis celebrate with a night out on the town, making Ana jealous. Ana's mother also comes by to reconnect with Ana, admitting to Janis that she feels like a terrible mother, but that she wanted so badly to pursue her dream as an actress.

Janis finally admits the truth about the babies to Ana, who reacts angrily and leaves in the night with Cecilia, to Janis' dismay. She calls Arturo and breaks the news to him as well; he spends the night with her, as they console each other. The next morning, Ana calls Janis, having calmed down, and says that Janis is still welcome to see Cecilia and be a part of her life.

Months later, Janis and Arturo travel to her home village, where he gathers information about the grave from surviving relatives and prepares for the excavation with his team.

Ana later arrives with Cecilia. Janis tells her that she is three months pregnant. When asked what she will name the baby, Janis says 'Ana' if it is a girl and 'Antonio" (after her great-grandfather) if it is a boy.

The excavation is a success, as the remains are found and identified. The villagers gather at the exhumed grave to honor their lost relatives. Now they can be properly buried in family plots at the cemetery.

Cast

Production

In February 2021, it was announced that Pedro Almodóvar was ready to direct his new film, entitled Madres paralelas, with a cast headed by Penélope Cruz, Israel Elejalde, Julieta Serrano, and Rossy de Palma. On 12 March, it was reported that he intended to integrate Anya Taylor-Joy into the main cast, but she did not end up appearing in the film.

Principal photography began on 12 March 2021 in Madrid, and concluded on 22 April. Shooting locations included Madrid, Torrelaguna, and Torremocha de Jarama. Produced by El Deseo and Remotamente Films AIE with the support of RTVE and Netflix, Parallel Mothers also received funding from the ICAA.

Music

Release

On 4 February 2021, Pathé acquired the UK distribution rights to the film, and, on 23 April 2021, Sony Pictures Classics acquired its North American, Australian, and New Zealand distribution rights. The film had its world premiere at the 78th Venice International Film Festival on 1 September 2021. Distributed by Sony Pictures Entertainment Iberia, it was intended to be theatrically released in Spain on 10 September 2021, but was postponed to 8 October. It was released in the United States on 24 December 2021. In the United Kingdom, it was released theatrically on 28 January 2022, and was the first film released under Pathé's new term deal with Warner Bros. Pictures, along with The Duke, after their distribution agreement with Disney expired on 30 June 2021.

The film's theatrical release poster, featuring a lactating nipple, was removed from Instagram due to its rules regarding nudity. The decision was criticized by the "free the nipple" movement, leading to an apology from Instagram.

Netflix acquired the exclusive distribution rights to Parallel Mothers for the Latin-American region, aiming for an early 2022 release, even if theatrical openings were not ruled out at the time of the announcement. In Argentina, the film premiered in select theatres on 3 February 2022, fifteen days prior to streaming.

Themes

Prior to making this film, Almodóvar had typically avoided the Spanish Civil War as subject matter for his films. In his own words, "It was as though Franco never existed." One exception was a brief moment in Live Flesh (1997), in which a young prostitute (also played by Cruz) gives birth on the day in 1970 (December 4, 1970) that Spain announced a state of exception further limiting citizens' rights. In contrast, the script for Parallel Mothers speaks explicitly of the need to confront Spain's past, with Almodóvar saying: "I speak through the voice of Penelope [Cruz]... She's speaking the truth about Spain," whereas Ana's resistance to examining that past is "almost like a cliché narrative for the right wing, which reveals that Ana is coming from a very conservative background." An earlier draft of the script overtly gave Ana a background in the conservative Catholic group Opus Dei.

Reception

Critical response

At its opening night world premiere, the film received a nine-minute standing ovation from Venice Film Festival attendees in the Sala Grande. It was submitted to be the Spanish entry to the 94th Academy Awards alongside Mediterraneo: The Law of the Sea and The Good Boss, but the latter film was the final official selection.

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 96% of 232 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The website's consensus reads: "A brilliant forum for Penélope Cruz's talent, Parallel Mothers reaffirms the familiar pleasures of Almodóvar's filmmaking while proving he's still capable of growth." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 88 out of 100, based on 46 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".

Filmmaker and playwright Florian Zeller praised the film, saying: "They are mothers, sisters or daughters, and with his incredible talent as a writer, which places his characters at the heart of his scenarios, Pedro Almodóvar builds complex emotional stories, missed appointments and intertwined destinies."

Top ten lists

The film appeared on many film critics' top ten lists for 2021.

Accolades

See also

List of Spanish films of 2021

References

External links

Parallel Mothers at ICAA's Catálogo de Cinespañol

Parallel Mothers at IMDb